The Opium Wars

During the Opium war, the Chinese werent very open to trade with other antions. The British wanted the tea from the Chinese, and the Chinese wouldnt want to trade. So, the English made the Chinese addicted to Opium. Soon enough the Chinese people started becoming very sick, weak and very lazy from the drug that they were addicted to called. Opium. The Chinese government was very unhappy, which resulted for the government requested Britain to stop giving the Chinese Opium. The British refused because they wanted their tea and money, because during that time tea was very rare. Thats when they declared war.
It is called the Opium war is because the chinese were trying to get Opium out of their country, but the British kept bringing Opium in China. As a result the British easily won the Chinese because the British had advanced weapons and a bigger and stronger milatary. This is one of Chinese's most humiliating loss in history, because they got beaten so badly. In Conclusion, the Chinese decided to allow trade to catch up on the mdoern technoligy.

Film lesson: "Mountains of the Moon"

When Europeans tried getting to Africa they faced many hardships. Some of them include getting attacked by native African tribes, dying from starvation, and dehydration. Also a very common way of them getting stopped is catching malaria from mosquitoes.
The source of the Nile river was Lake Victoria. Even though it was in Africa it was called Lake Victoria because John Speke and Richard Burton named it after there queen, Queen Victoria. The technological advantages that the Europeans had were guns, and the Africans had spears and wood. The Europeans eventually conquered the continent because they had machine guns and they can kill multiple Africans at a time.

The Meiji Restoration of Japan

Matthew Perry bullied the Japanese to sign a trade treaty through a display of the United States' military. When Perry anchored 26 miles off the coast of Tokyo, the Japanese were suprised and amazed by the movement of ships with no sails. Perry alsso intentionally arrived in port with sails down to intimidate the Japanese with American progress of thechnoligy. The impressive navy force that Perry brought to Japan were stronger, and faster to any warships the Japanese had and they left the Japanese with few choices but to grant the U.S. it's wishes.

With this being in affect, the Japense economy went down. Its economy dropped because European countries and American produced large amout of supplies and the Japense got no tariff on foreign goods.To become a modern nation, the emperor ysed a system of mandatory, state funded elementary education. The mandatory school would raise a level of education. This also helped Japan have more nationalist.

An archipelago is is a chain or cluster of islands that is formed tectonically. After all of this Japan become one.

Karl Marx and Communism

Karl Marx's idea of communism was that all of the common people should one day be on top of the government. He thought that because they were the ones that did all of the harsh work and didnt get paid back in any way. He said "Workers would share wealth in a communist society. Marx wrote that wealth should be distributed "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs."

Communism is the common people being in the full control of the government. It is also where everyone is common and equal. He wanted communism to take over the world because he wanted the common people to be on top. He saw the common people as the good guys, and the more rich people as the bad guys. He thought so because the common people did most of the work and got basicly no pay.

Karl Marx and the Industrial Revolution

Karl Marx really didnt agree with the Industrial Revolution. He disliked the fact that the factory owners controlled the workers, but the workers were the ones that were doing all of the work. He was the one that invented the idea of communism, he wanted the government to be used by all of the "common" people. '

The industrial revolution inspired Karl Marx to come up with communism was because he really disliked the fact that all of the people that were doing the actual work, were getting treated horribly and they were doing all of the work and had no power. So Karl Marx thought of the common people ruling all of the people.

Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

Nationalism is the pride for ones country. It is when people are good followers and supporters for their country. It is also when you love your country and you would die for it. This happeneed very recenly. A few hundred years ago there was none of that. Noboby would die for their kingdom. The king hired mercanaries to fight the wars for them, there was no volunteer army.

I do many things to show that i am nationalistic for both Greece and America. To show that i am nationalistic for Greece is i wear a lot of shirts with the Greek flag about it, i studied all of their history, mytholigy, and eveything about it. I go there every other summer, and stay there for two months. Other things i do is when people ask me where i am from i say Greece and im really proud of it. I go to the Greek Indpendece Day Parade and i wear my greek shirt with a huge Greek flag around my body with y face painted blue and white, and Blue is also my favorite color. I am nationalistic to America because i celebrate the 4th of July by doing fireworks, and i also root for America in the World Baseball Classic.

Nationalism was used to create Italy because all of the people that lived there talked and followed the Italian cultrues and they called themselves Italian. They also had really pride for the land they lived in and wanted to be Independant. Before Italy became Italy it was a really messed up Kingdom. It was ruled by two Kings and they both had two different views on how to rule a Nation. It became Italy by forming a group called the Young Italy. They then went into battle and captured Italy. They then became a real nation.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revolutions

Simon Bolivar is one of the greatest general in world history.He accomplished a great amount of achiements in a short period of time. The whole contient of South America was captured by Spanish rule and Simon Bolivar didn't like that. He went to Europe and studied work of Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire. On his way back fom studying in Europe he went by the United States and learned even more about democracy. He took action into his own hand in South America. He took over Venuzeula in 1811. He then took over many other countries and then named it Republic of Columbia.

He is a hero in South America. People see him as a hero because if it wasnt for him then there wouldnt be no free south american countries. They would all be conquered by Spain. They were all very unhappy being ruled by Spain and Bolivar was the first to take action. They honored him so much they even named a country from him. He fought for freedom, and democracy. He fought against the spanish. He will always be a hero in South America, for freeing the people.

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

The year 1793, a very horrible time in France. They just had their revolution, and everybody was going mad. This was the time that many people didn't want to loose their power, or people who wanted it back. That all triggered to the Reign of Terror. The Reign of Terror was a period of violence that occurred fifteen months after the French Revolution , which was conflict between rival political parties, the Girondins and the Jacobins. Estimates of how many were killed were widely, from 16,000 to 40,000 deaths,in many cases, records were not kept.

French government created the Committee of Public Safety , which was created on September 6th 1793 and was dominated by Maximilien Robespierre. Robespierre wanted to completely wipe out the whole idea of "monarchy." He even took off the kings, queens, and jokers off common household items, like a deck of cards for example. He was the dictator during the terror. He exucuted people who didnt agree on his ideas, sort of a hitler figure. He closed down most churches at well. The exucations were carried out by the Girondins.

The French Revolution

1) The people in France were critical of the nobility because they had most of the property, got most of the money and paid the least amount of taxes. They thought it was really unfair. They were also critcal about the king because he had full, complete power and he used a feudal system. They also did'nt like them because he taxed them so much. They were critical about the clergy because they recieved most of the money then mostly every body in France, and they only paid about 2% of France's taxes.

2)A Frence peasent could have grumbled about how he was not able to hunt or fish on the estates.

3)The point that the cartoonist is trying to make is that basicly they treated the French peasents like a donkey, a slave. The caption under means that the peaseants reallky can't take it anymore they had enough they grew tired of being treated so poorly.

4) In Source B it is clearly stated that even though the peasents had close to nothing they still needed to give that too. They were treated horribly. It seems like it keeps on getting worse and worse for them. Even though they have a small portion of land, they need to give the lords double of what they dont have.

5) Sources A,B and C all do show how the poor truely dispised the rich, for doing whatever they are doing. It also shows how unfair they were being treated. They all say that the minority of the people make way more then the majority.

6) In source D, the writer most likely got his idea from John Locke. You can tell he was influenced by him because he talks about Liberty, the way that man should be free and make his own laws and not be treated like crap.

7)This was most likely banned in 1775 becasuse of the King and all of its nobles and lords. They banned it because they knew if the people found out about it he will loose all of his power. The lords, nobles, and clergy banned it because they would loose everything they have and be equal, and they didnt want to loose their power or wealth.

John Locke and "The Enlightenment"

In the 2nd paragraph of the United States Constitution it clearly states that we all deserve certain rights. Some of those rights include life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. He also states that we have the right to tear down the government if we are treated with Tyranny again. If that does happen us, we the people have the right to create a new government from the beginning.

Also according to Jefferson, we the people have the "power." It says that "That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, —" That mainly came from Locke who believed that the people should govern, not totally be taken control of and being treated horribly. Another place the government gets its power is from the house of representaties, which is basicly voted upon. In other words this country is ran by its people, and its "leaders."

Copernicus and the trial of Galileo

For a long period of time a lot of different people believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. That was called the geocentric theory. It was created by a bunch of scientist that believed that the Earth was the center of the universe and that everything revolves around the Earth. The other theory said was called Heliocentrism. That theory stated that everything revolves around the sun. The theory that was created first was the geocentric theory. The theory that came out of the scientific revolution was the Heliocentrism theory.

In the older times, people's opinions could basicly put them to death. The Roman Catholic Church put Galileo on trial and on house arrest becuase he believed in the Heliocentrism theory. On the other hand the Roman Catholic Church really disagreed. Even though they really didnt put him to jail they had him under house arrest and when they did take him in he was in apartments rather then a jail cell. The Catholic church put him on trial because they disagreed with him because he believed that the all the planents revolve around the sun. On the other hand, the church totally disagreed. He eventually died in his house, where he spent the rest of his life after the trial.

Scientific Revolution: The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a method used to prove and to help to find the truth out from science. For example the steps you need tot take to use this method is first create a theory, or think of something you want to prove or disprove. After you find your question, you need to make a hypothesis, which is an educated guess of what you think will happen when you perform this expirement. After you have completed the hypothesis then you have to perform the experiment, in the meantime you should observe every thing you do, carefully paying attention to the steps you took. After you have completed your expirement then you see if your hypothesis was correct or not. If it is incorrect then you continue trying to figure out your hypothesis, if your hypothesis is correct then your hypothesis is succesful.

An experiment that uses the scientific method is for example the expiremnt that Aristotle said where he stated that girls have less teeth the boys. To use the scientific method with this expirement first you state the hypothesis that you think for example men have more teeth then woman. Then after you state that you check three different men and three different woman. When you get proved wrong its good because you know it and its proven that they have the same number of teeth. That is the right way to do an expirement not just guess its true without even trying to prove his hypothesis.

Evolution vs. Creation

The theory of evolution and Creationism are both two different theorys of how we, the humans came to this earth. The theory of evolution states that we all the living things on this earth are related. That we are almost the same to bananas, monkeys, fish, and all of nature. Charles Darwin also stated that multi complex orginisms came from orginisms that werent that complex. He thinks that we came from the apes, because we have similar structures.

On the other hand, Creationism is viewed in a more religious way. It is said that we all came from God. The Genesis has the story of how we came. It tells us that we came from God. In the early 1900's, the United States had gotten alot of people into trouble for teaching it in public school. A teacher got arrested for teaching it and it was banned to be taught in public school. They werent aloud to even have text books from the theory of evolution inside.

In my opinion i agree more with Creationism. I think it is the most logical thing. It was also taught for many more years and people followed it for a very long time. It also makes more sense because there is always a stronger figure in your life that created you. It was also written in the bible and many books that said that we were created from God.